D-alpha-tocopherol succinate

D-alpha-tocopherol succinate (also called d-alpha tocopheryl succinate or d-alpha tocopherol acid succinate) is an organic compound derived from vegetable oils that acts as a source of vitamin E. Most ingested d-alpha tocopherol succinate is converted to alpha-tocopherol in the intestine before being absorbed (1). Alpha-tocopherol, like other forms of vitamin E, demonstrates antioxidant activity (2). Alpha tocopherol acid succinate is approved for use as a food additive by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (3).

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  Catalyst™ caplets
   •  GlycoBears^® tablets
 

D-alpha-tocopheryl acetate

D-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, or D-alpha tocopherol acetate, is an organic compound derived from vegetable oils that acts as a source of vitamin E. The natural form, d-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, is more bioavailable than the synthetic form, dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate. Alpha-tocopheryl acetate is converted to alpha-tocopherol in the intestine before being absorbed (1). Alpha-tocopherol, like other forms of vitamin E, demonstrates antioxidant activity (2). Alpha-tocopherol acetate is considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in foods (3).

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  CardioBALANCE^® capsules
   •  GlycoSlim^® chocolate meal replacement
   •  GlycoSlim^® vanilla meal replacement
 

D-calcium pantothenate

D-calcium pantothenate, or calcium D-pantothenate, is the principal supplemental form of the water-soluble vitamin pantothenic acid. It is often available in multivitamin and B-complex products (1). Calcium pantothenate is considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in foods (21CFR184.1212) (2).

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  GlycoSlim^® chocolate meal replacement
   •  GlycoSlim^® vanilla meal replacement
 

Dahlia variabilis tuber

Dahlia variabilis tuber. Dahlia plants, such as Dahlia variabilis, are native to Mexico and Central America. They are widely cultivated for their various colorful flower heads. The fructose-containing oligosaccharide, inulin, can be obtained from the dried juice of dahlia tubers (1).

Dextrin

Dextrin is any one of a number of polysaccharides produced from the hydrolysis of starch. Dextrin is used as an excipient to control the consistency of foods and pharmaceutical formulations and is generally regarded as a nontoxic and nonirritant material (1). Dextrin is an approved food additive by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (2).

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  Optimal Support Packets
   •  PhytoMatrix^® caplets
 

Dextrose monohydrate

Dextrose monohydrate, another name for D-glucose, is a monosaccharide sugar found in plants, usually produced by the hydrolysis of corn starch. As it is a form of glucose, it is rapidly absorbed through the intestine. Dextrose is an approved food additive by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (1).

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  Optimal Support Packets
   •  PhytoMatrix^® caplets
 

Dicalcium phosphate

Dicalcium phosphate (calcium phosphate, dibasic) is a white, odorless, tasteless powder used both as an excipient and as a source of calcium in dietary supplements. It is widely used in oral pharmaceutical products, food products and toothpastes and is generally regarded as a relatively nontoxic and nonirritant material (1). Calcium phosphate, dibasic is an approved food additive by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (2).

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  GlycoSlim^® chocolate meal replacement
   •  GlycoSlim^® vanilla meal replacement
   •  Optimal Support Packets
   •  PhytoMatrix^® caplets
 

Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate

Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (calcium phosphate, dibasic) is a white, odorless, tasteless powder used both as an excipient and as a source of calcium and phosphorous in dietary supplements. It is widely used in the nutritional and health food sectors (1). Calcium phosphate, dibasic is an approved food additive by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (2).

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  MannaCLEANSE™ caplets
 

Dimer dilinoleyl dimer dilinoleate

Dimer dilinoleyl dimer dilinoleate is a chemical compound that is used to aid in mixing and controlling the thickness of skin care products. It is a skin conditioning agent that acts as a lubricant on the skin surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance (1).

Dimethicone

Dimethicone is a mixture of closely related chemical compounds which is used in skin care products as an anti-foaming agent (1). Dimethicone is generally regarded as nontoxic and nonirritating, although it may cause temporary eye irritation (2). According to the Cosmetic Ingredients Review (an independent committee established by the Personal Care Products Council, an industry trade association that thoroughly reviews and assesses the safety of ingredients used in cosmetics), dimethicone is safe to use in the amounts present in our products (3).

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  FIRM with Ambrotose^® cream
 

Dioscorea villosa (wild yam) root extract

Dioscorea villosa (wild yam) root extract is obtained from the roots of the wild yam plant, Dioscorea villosa. It is used in cosmetics and personal care products as a skin conditioning agent (1). According to the Cosmetic Ingredients Review (an independent committee established by the Personal Care Products Council, an industry trade association that thoroughly reviews and assesses the safety of ingredients used in cosmetics), Dioscorea villosa root extract is safe to use in the amounts present in our products (2).

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  FIRM with Ambrotose^® cream
 

Diosgenin

Diosgenin is a saponin that is present in a number of North American and Asian species of yams. Structurally similar to cholesterol, diosgenin is considered the primary active constituent of the wild yam, Dioscorea villosa (1).

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  PLUS™ caplets
   •  SPORT™ capsules
 

Dipalmitoyl hydroxyproline

Dipalmitoyl hydroxyproline is an organic compound that is closely related to an amino acid. It is used in cosmetics and personal care products as a skin conditioning agent (1).

Dipeptide-2

Dipeptide-2 is an organic compound composed of two amino acids. It is used in cosmetics and personal care products as a skin conditioning agent (1).

Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate

Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate is a salt of glycyrrhizic acid, a natural compound isolated from licorice plants. Glycyrrhizic acid is used for fragrance and as a skin conditioning agent in cosmetics and personal care products (1). According to the Cosmetic Ingredients Review (an independent committee established by the Personal Care Products Council, an industry trade association that thoroughly reviews and assesses the safety of ingredients used in cosmetics), glycyrrhizic acid is safe to use in the amounts present in our products (2).

Dipotassium phosphate

Dipotassium phosphate is a water-soluble salt used to aid in the mixing of ingredients in foods, such as dairy products and cheese. It is a source of the nutrients phosphorous and potassium. Dipotassium phosphate is considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in foods by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (1).

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  GlycoSlim^® chocolate meal replacement
   •  GlycoSlim^® vanilla meal replacement
 

Dipropylene glycol

Dipropylene glycol is used to aid in mixing and in decreasing the thickness of skin care products (1). According to the Cosmetic Ingredients Review (an independent committee established by the Personal Care Products Council, an industry trade association that thoroughly reviews and assesses the safety of ingredients used in cosmetics), dipropylene glycol is safe to use in the amounts present in our products (2).

Disodium EDTA

Disodium EDTA, a salt of the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), binds to and inactivates metal ions to prevent the deterioration of cosmetics and personal care products (1). According to the Cosmetic Ingredients Review (an independent committee established by the Personal Care Products Council, an industry trade association that thoroughly reviews and assesses the safety of ingredients used in cosmetics), disodium EDTA is safe to use in the amounts present in our products (2).

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  Emprizone^® gel
   •  FIRM with Ambrotose^® cream
 

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid considered to be nutritionally essential to maintain optimal health. There are a number of known health benefits associated with omega-3 fatty acid intake, with most current research focusing on the n-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid). In the body, DHA is an important component of cell membranes, particularly in the brain and retina. However, the human body cannot synthesize omega-3 fatty acids on its own, so these nutrients must be provided by the diet. By consuming the n-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) from sources such as flax seed, the body can convert ALA into EPA and eventually DHA, but the low rate of conversion supports direct dietary intake of DHA from foods and dietary supplements (1). The major food sources of DHA, as well as EPA, are algae and cold-water oily fish, such as salmon, herring, mackerel, anchovies and sardines (2). Dietary supplements containing significant amounts of EPA and DHA are typically fish oils derived from these fish. In addition, infant formulas often contain supplemental DHA. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has determined that the use of DHA and EPA omega-3 fatty acids as dietary supplements is safe, provided that the daily intakes of DHA and EPA do not exceed 2 grams per day from dietary supplement sources such as fish oil (3). A major safety concern is the possible presence of heavy metals and toxins, which can be found in relatively high levels in fresh fish and unpurified fish oils. When considering omega-3 DHA and EPA dietary supplements, it is important to look for fish oils that have been purified to reduce the levels of these contaminants.

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  Essential Source™ omega-3
 

Dunaliella salina

Dunaliella salina is a species of single-celled algae that grows in high salt waters. It is known for its antioxidant activity due to the fact that it contains a large amount of carotenoids. The presence of beta-carotene makes the algae appear red in color. Dunaliella salina can be used a source of carotenoids for dietary supplements (1).