GalactoarabinanGalactoarabinan, or arabinogalactan,is a polysaccharide extracted for commercial uses from the bark of the Eastern and Western Larch trees, Larix larcinia and Larix occidentalis. It is used in skin care products as a fragrance and as an ingredient that dries to form a thin coating on the skin (1).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Body Lotion
• Day Moisturizer
• Emprizone® gel
• Exfoliating Facial Cleanser
• FIRM with Ambrotose® cream
• Multiphase Serum
• Night Repair Crème
References
References
1. International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook. Washington, D.C.: The Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association, 2006. Last updated September, 2010 Print This Ingredient
Garlic (bulb)Garlic, a member of the onion family Alliaceae, is an herb that has been used as a medicinal agent and a seasoning for many centuries (1). Garlic is an excellent source of calcium, selenium, vitamin C, vitamin B6 and manganese and a good source of protein, copper and phosphorus (2). Many of the health benefits of garlic are attributed to its sulfur-containing compounds – thiosulfinates, sulfoxides and dithiins – which are also responsible for its distinctive odor (3). Garlic and its derivatives are considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as food additives (21CFR184.1317) (4).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Ambrotose AO® capsules
• CardioBALANCE® capsules
• Optimal Support Packets
• Phyt-Aloe® capsules or powder
References
References
1. Ensminger AH, Ensminger ME, Konlande JE, Robson JRK. The Concise Encyclopedia of Foods and Nutrition. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1995.
2. United States Department of Agriculture. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 21. http://www.ars.usda.gov/main/site_main.htm?modecode=12-35-45-00. 2008.
3. Natural Standard Database. www.naturalstandard.com. 2009.
4. Food and Drug Administration. EAFUS: A Food Additive Database. http://www.foodsafety.gov/~dms/eafus.html. 10-17-2008. 12-4-2008. Last updated March, 2009 Print This Ingredient
GelatinGelatin is a protein derived from animal collagen, usually from cow or pig skin and bones. It is commonly used as a gelling agent in foods and can be used to form hard or soft gelatin capsules for oral products (1). Gelatin is approved for use as a food additive by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (2).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• CardioBALANCE® capsules
• SPORT™ capsules
References
References
1. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. Washington, DC: Pharmaceutical Press and American Pharmacists Assn, 2006.
2. Food and Drug Administration. EAFUS: A Food Additive Database. http://www.foodsafety.gov/~dms/eafus.html. 10-17-2008. 12-4-2008. Last updated March, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Ghatti gumGhatti gum, a mixture of complex polysaccharides, comes from the bark of Anogeissus latifolia, a large tree native to India and Sri Lanka. Ghatti gum is used in supplements, foods, drugs and cosmetics. It contains as much as 80% soluble dietary fiber (1). Gum ghatti is also used to aid in mixing skin care product ingredients.
Most gums are believed to be largely degraded in the colon (2). Test tube studies have demonstrated the fermentation of ghatti gum by the beneficial human bacteria species Bifidobacterium (3), (4). Ghatti gum is considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is permitted for use as a food (21CFR184.1333).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Advanced Ambrotose® capsules
• Advanced Ambrotose® powder
• AmbroStart® drink mix
• Ambrotose AO® capsules
• Ambrotose® Complex capsules
• Ambrotose® Complex powder
• CardioBALANCE® capsules
• Catalyst™ caplets
• EM•PACT®
• Emprizone® gel
• FIRM with Ambrotose® cream
• GlycoBears® tablets
• Manna-C™ capsules
• MannaCLEANSE™ caplets
• Optimal Support Packets
• Phyt-Aloe® capsules or powder
• PLUS™ caplets
• SPORT™ capsules
References
References
1. Glicksman M. Gum Ghatti (Indian gum). In: Glicksman M, ed. Food Hydrocolloids. Boca Raton: CRC Press 1983:31-7.
2. Hill MJ. Bacterial fermentation of complex carbohydrate in the human colon. Eur J Cancer Prev 1995;4:353-8.
3. Crociani F, Alessandrini A, Mucci MM, Biavati B. Degradation of complex carbohydrates by Bifidobacterium spp. Int J Food Microbiol 1994;24:199-210.
4. Salyers AA, West SE, Vercellotti JR, Wilkins TD. Fermentation of mucins and plant polysaccharides by anaerobic bacteria from the human colon. Appl Environ Microbiol 1977;34:529-33. Last updated March, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Ginger (root)Ginger, Zingiber officinale, is an herb grown in a number of Asian, African and Caribbean countries. The roots and underground stems have long been used in traditional Chinese, Indian and Japanese cultures. Ginger is widely used as a food spice, especially in Oriental cooking. Dried powdered root is also used in herbal teas and supplements (1). Ginger is considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a spice or natural seasoning (21CFR182.10).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Catalyst™ caplets
• GI-ZYME® capsules
• GlycoBears® tablets
• MannaCLEANSE™ caplets
References
References
1. Leung A, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. New York, NY: John Wiley, 1996. Last updated March, 2009 Print This Ingredient
GlucomannanGlucomannan is a polysaccharide derived from the tuber of the konjac plant, Amorphophallus konjac. It is used as a thickening agent in foods and is marketed in the United States as a dietary supplement. Glucomannan is considered a soluble dietary fiber that is indigestible by human intestinal enzymes. It can be degraded by intestinal bacteria into short chain fatty acids, such as propionic and butyric acids (1). Glucomannan is likely safe when used orally as food (2).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• FiberSlim™ capsules
• MannaCLEANSE™ caplets
References
References
1. PDR for Nutritional Supplements. Montvale, NJ: Physicians' Desk Reference, Inc, 2008.
2. Natural Medicines: Comprehensive Database. Stockton, CA: Therapeutic Research Faculty, 2000. Last updated March, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Glucomannan (from Amorphophallus konjac tuber)Glucomannan is a polysaccharide derived from the tuber of the konjac plant, Amorphophallus konjac. It is used as a thickening agent in foods and is marketed in the United States as a dietary supplement. Glucomannan is considered a soluble dietary fiber that is indigestible by human intestinal enzymes. It can be degraded by intestinal bacteria into short chain fatty acids, such as propionic and butyric acids (1). Glucomannan is likely safe when used orally as food (2).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• FiberSlim™ capsules
References
References
1. PDR for Nutritional Supplements. Montvale, NJ: Physicians' Desk Reference, Inc, 2008.
2. Natural Medicines: Comprehensive Database. Stockton, CA: Therapeutic Research Faculty, 2000. Last updated March, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Glucosamine HCl (from shrimp)Glucosamine HCl is a salt of the amino monosaccharide, glucosamine. Glucosamine is naturally found in human cartilage and in some fungi and algae (1), (2). Commercially produced glucosamine is made from shellfish or grains such as corn or wheat. Supplemental glucosamine has been used for the past 25 years in Europe (3). In the U.S., it has gained popularity as a dietary supplement.
The amount of absorption of orally administered glucosamine through the intestines is somewhat unclear. The fraction not absorbed and incorporated into cartilage is excreted, mainly in urine (2). Glucosamine that is not absorbed through the intestine may be utilized by colonic bacteria (4), (5). There appears to be minimal concern for side effects indicated with glucosamine supplementation. Clinical studies have consistently reported that glucosamine appears safe (6). Individuals with shellfish allergies should consult their physician before consuming shellfish-derived supplemental glucosamine.
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Ambrotose® Complex powder
References
References
1. The Merck Index. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co., 2006.
2. Barclay TS, Tsourounis C, McCart GM. Glucosamine. Ann Pharmacother 1998;32:574-9.
3. Russell AL. Alternative therapies and alternative medicine. J Rheumatol 1999;26:1417.
4. Crociani F, Alessandrini A, Mucci MM, Biavati B. Degradation of complex carbohydrates by Bifidobacterium spp. Int J Food Microbiol 1994;24:199-210.
5. Salyers AA, West SE, Vercellotti JR, Wilkins TD. Fermentation of mucins and plant polysaccharides by anaerobic bacteria from the human colon. Appl Environ Microbiol 1977;34:529-33.
6. Anderson JW, Nicolosi RJ, Borzelleca JF. Glucosamine effects in humans: a review of effects on glucose metabolism, side effects, safety considerations and efficacy. Food Chem Toxicol 2005;43:187-201. Last updated March, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Glucosamine HCl (vegetarian)Glucosamine HCl is a salt of the amino monosaccharide, glucosamine. Glucosamine is naturally found in human cartilage and in some fungi and algae (1), (2). Commercially produced glucosamine is made from shellfish or grains such as corn or wheat. Supplemental glucosamine has been used for the past 25 years in Europe (3). In the U.S., it has gained popularity as a dietary supplement.
The amount of absorption of orally administered glucosamine through the intestines is somewhat unclear. The fraction not absorbed and incorporated into cartilage is excreted, mainly in urine (2). Glucosamine that is not absorbed through the intestine may be utilized by colonic bacteria (4), (5). There appears to be minimal concern for side effects indicated with glucosamine supplementation. Clinical studies have consistently reported that glucosamine appears safe (6). Individuals with shellfish allergies should consult their physician before consuming shellfish-derived supplemental glucosamine.
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Advanced Ambrotose® capsules
• Advanced Ambrotose® powder
References
References
1. The Merck Index. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co., 2006.
2. Barclay TS, Tsourounis C, McCart GM. Glucosamine. Ann Pharmacother 1998;32:574-9.
3. Russell AL. Alternative therapies and alternative medicine. J Rheumatol 1999;26:1417.
4. Crociani F, Alessandrini A, Mucci MM, Biavati B. Degradation of complex carbohydrates by Bifidobacterium spp. Int J Food Microbiol 1994;24:199-210.
5. Salyers AA, West SE, Vercellotti JR, Wilkins TD. Fermentation of mucins and plant polysaccharides by anaerobic bacteria from the human colon. Appl Environ Microbiol 1977;34:529-33.
6. Anderson JW, Nicolosi RJ, Borzelleca JF. Glucosamine effects in humans: a review of effects on glucose metabolism, side effects, safety considerations and efficacy. Food Chem Toxicol 2005;43:187-201. Last updated March, 2009 Print This Ingredient
GlucoseGlucose is a monosaccharide sugar found in most plant and animal tissues. Cells in the body use glucose as their major source of energy and as an intermediate for many metabolic reactions. Glucose actually exists as two molecules that are mirror images of each other, D-glucose and L-glucose, but only D-glucose is biologically active in humans (1). Glucose is produced commercially from the breakdown of starch; corn starch is primarily used in the United States. Glucose is easily absorbed through the intestine and is used as the reference value to determine the glycemic index of foods, a measure of their effects on blood-glucose levels (2), (3).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• ImmunoSTART® tablets
References
References
1. The Merck Index. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co., Inc., 1996.
2. Cook GC. Rates and mechanisms of glucose, galactose, and xylose absorption in man in vivo. Scand J Gastroenterol 1977;12:733-7.
3. Brand-Miller J. The New Glucose Revolution: Complete Guide to Glycemic Index Values. New York: Marlowe & Co., 2003. Last updated March, 2009 Print This Ingredient
GlucosinolatesGlucosinolates are sulfur-containing compounds primarily found in cruciferous vegetables, such as cabbage, broccoli, brussels sprouts and cauliflower. They are broken down during chewing and digestion into biologically active isothiocyanates, such as sulforaphane, which are then absorbed through the intestine (1).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• PhytoBurst® nutritional chews
• PhytoMatrix® caplets
References
References
1. Lund E. Non-nutritive bioactive constituents of plants: dietary sources and health benefits of glucosinolates. Int J Vitam.Nutr Res 2003;73:135-43. Last updated April, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Glycereth-26Glycereth-26 is a chemical compound derived from glycerin. It is used to decrease the thickness of skin care products and as a skin conditioning agent that increases water content of the top layers of the skin by drawing moisture from the surrounding air (1).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Emprizone® gel
References
References
1. International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook. Washington, D.C.: The Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association, 2006. Last updated March, 2009 Print This Ingredient
GlycerinGlycerin is a chemical compound used in skin care products and cosmetics as a humectant, that is, a skin conditioning agent that increases water content of the top layers of the skin by drawing moisture from the surrounding air. Glycerin also acts as a lubricant on the skin surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance (1). It is included in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Inactive Ingredients Guide as safe to use in the amounts present in our products (2).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Day Moisturizer
• Emprizone® gel
• Exfoliating Facial Cleanser
• FIRM with Ambrotose® cream
• Multiphase Serum
• Night Repair Crème
References
References
1. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. Washington, DC: Pharmaceutical Press and American Pharmacists Assn, 2006.
2. FDA Inactive Ingredients Guide. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/iig/index.cfm. 2007. Last updated September, 2010 Print This Ingredient
Glyceryl polyacrylateGlyceryl polyacrylate is a chemical compound derived from glycerin. It is used in cosmetics and personal care products as an ingredient that dries to form a thin coating on the skin (1). According to the Cosmetic Ingredients Review (an independent committee established by the Personal Care Products Council, an industry trade association that thoroughly reviews and assesses the safety of ingredients used in cosmetics), glyceryl polyacrylate is safe to use in the amounts present in our products (2).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Emprizone® gel
References
References
1. International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook. Washington, D.C.: The Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association, 2006.
2. Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Cosmetic Ingredients Reference Table. http://www.cir-safety.org/staff_files/ReferenceTable.pdf. 7-31-2008. Last updated March, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Glyceryl stearateGlyceryl stearate is an organic compound that has multiple uses in cosmetic products. It aids in mixing oil and water, it stabilizes mixtures and it acts as a lubricant on the skin surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance (1). Glyceryl stearate is included in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Inactive Ingredients Guide as safe to use in the amounts present in our products (2).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Body Lotion
• FIRM with Ambrotose® cream
• Night Repair Crème
References
References
1. International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook. Washington, D.C.: The Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association, 2006.
2. FDA Inactive Ingredients Guide. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/iig/index.cfm. 2007. Last updated September, 2010 Print This Ingredient
Glycine Glycine is a non-essential amino acid found in meats, whole grains, and dairy products. Glycine is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) (21CFR172.320).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Optimal Support Packets
• PLUS™ caplets
References
Grape (fruit)Grapes, the fruit of the grape vine Vitis vinifera, are the leading fruit crop in the world. Although they are popular as a fresh fruit, grapes are also used to make juices, jams, jelly, raisins and wine (1). Grape pomace is defined as the pulp, peel, seeds and stalks that remain after oil, water or other liquids have been pressed out. Many health benefits provided by grapes and their products are attributed to their abundant polyphenols. The polyphenols in grapes include resveratrol and flavonoids: quercetin (and its glycoside, rutin), kaempferol, anthocyanins, tannins and myricetin. These compounds are present in the skins, seeds and stems of the grape and many demonstrate potent antioxidant activity (2). Grapes also contain plant acids, sugars, amino acids, minerals and small amounts of vitamins C and E (3), (4).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• GlycoBears® tablets
References
References
1. Ensminger AH, Ensminger ME, Konlande JE, Robson JRK. The Concise Encyclopedia of Foods and Nutrition. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1995.
2. Torres JL, Varela B, Garcia MT et al. Valorization of grape (Vitis vinifera) byproducts. Antioxidant and biological properties of polyphenolic fractions differing in procyanidin composition and flavonol content. J Agric Food Chem 2002;50:7548-55.
3. Soleas GJ, Diamandis EP, Goldberg DM. J Clin Lab Anal. 1997;11:287-313.
4. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1996. Last updated March, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Grape extract (seed & skin)Grape extract (seed & skin). Grapes, the fruit of the grape vine Vitis vinifera, are the leading fruit crop in the world. Although they are popular as a fresh fruit, grapes are also used to make juices, jams, jelly, raisins and wine (1). Many health benefits provided by grapes and their products are attributed to their abundant polyphenols. The polyphenols in grapes include resveratrol and flavonoids: quercetin (and its glycoside, rutin), kaempferol, anthocyanins, tannins and myricetin. These compounds are present in the skins, seeds and stems of the grape and many demonstrate potent antioxidant activity (2). Grapes also contain plant acids, sugars, amino acids, minerals and small amounts of vitamins C and E (3), (4). Grape seed extract and grape skin extract are considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as food additives (5).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• CardioBALANCE® capsules
References
References
1. Ensminger AH, Ensminger ME, Konlande JE, Robson JRK. The Concise Encyclopedia of Foods and Nutrition. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1995.
2. Torres JL, Varela B, Garcia MT et al. Valorization of grape (Vitis vinifera) byproducts. Antioxidant and biological properties of polyphenolic fractions differing in procyanidin composition and flavonol content. J Agric Food Chem 2002;50:7548-55.
3. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1996.
4. Soleas GJ, Diamandis EP, Goldberg DM. J Clin Lab Anal. 1997;11:287-313.
5. Food and Drug Administration. EAFUS: A Food Additive Database. http://www.foodsafety.gov/~dms/eafus.html. 10-17-2008. 12-4-2008. Last updated March, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Grape pomace concentrate (fruit)Grape pomace. Grapes, the fruit of the grape vine Vitis vinifera, are the leading fruit crop in the world. Although they are popular as a fresh fruit, grapes are also used to make juices, jams, jelly, raisins and wine (1). Grape pomace is defined as the pulp, peel, seeds and stalks that remain after oil, water or other liquids have been pressed out. Many health benefits provided by grapes and their products are attributed to their abundant polyphenols. The polyphenols in grapes include resveratrol and flavonoids: quercetin (and its glycoside, rutin), kaempferol, anthocyanins, tannins and myricetin. These compounds are present in the skins, seeds and stems of the grape and many demonstrate potent antioxidant activity (2). Grapes also contain plant acids, sugars, amino acids, minerals and small amounts of vitamins C and E (3), (4). The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been notified that industry considers grape pomace extract to be generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use as an antioxidant in beverages and has not objected to its use for this purpose (GRN No.125).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Optimal Support Packets
References
References
1. Ensminger AH, Ensminger ME, Konlande JE, Robson JRK. The Concise Encyclopedia of Foods and Nutrition. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1995.
2. Torres JL, Varela B, Garcia MT et al. Valorization of grape (Vitis vinifera) byproducts. Antioxidant and biological properties of polyphenolic fractions differing in procyanidin composition and flavonol content. J Agric Food Chem 2002;50:7548-55.
3. Soleas GJ, Diamandis EP, Goldberg DM. J Clin Lab Anal. 1997;11:287-313.
4. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1996. Last updated March, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Grape pomace extract standardized to 50% polyphenolsGrape pomace extract. Grapes, the fruit of the grape vine Vitis vinifera, are the leading fruit crop in the world. Although they are popular as a fresh fruit, grapes are also used to make juices, jams, jelly, raisins and wine (1). Grape pomace is defined as the pulp, peel, seeds and stalks that remain after oil, water or other liquids have been pressed out. Many health benefits provided by grapes and their products are attributed to their abundant polyphenols. The polyphenols in grapes include resveratrol and flavonoids: quercetin (and its glycoside, rutin), kaempferol, anthocyanins, tannins and myricetin. These compounds are present in the skins, seeds and stems of the grape and many demonstrate potent antioxidant activity (2). Grapes also contain plant acids, sugars, amino acids, minerals and small amounts of vitamins C and E (3), (4).
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been notified that industry considers grape pomace extract to be generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use as an antioxidant in beverages and has not objected to its use for this purpose (GRN No.125). The U.S. FDA has also assigned GRAS status to grape skin extracts for use in the coloring of drinks and other foods (21CFR73.170).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• PhytoBurst® nutritional chews
• PhytoMatrix® caplets
References
References
1. Ensminger AH, Ensminger ME, Konlande JE, Robson JRK. The Concise Encyclopedia of Foods and Nutrition. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1995.
2. Torres JL, Varela B, Garcia MT et al. Valorization of grape (Vitis vinifera) byproducts. Antioxidant and biological properties of polyphenolic fractions differing in procyanidin composition and flavonol content. J Agric Food Chem 2002;50:7548-55.
3. Soleas GJ, Diamandis EP, Goldberg DM. J Clin Lab Anal. 1997;11:287-313.
4. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1996. Last updated March, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Grape skin extractGrape skin extract. Grapes, the fruit of the grape vine Vitis vinifera, are the leading fruit crop in the world. Although they are popular as a fresh fruit, grapes are also used to make juices, jams, jelly, raisins and wine (1). Many health benefits provided by grapes and their products are attributed to their abundant polyphenols. The polyphenols in grapes include resveratrol and flavonoids: quercetin (and its glycoside, rutin), kaempferol, anthocyanins, tannins and myricetin. These compounds are present in the skins, seeds and stems of the grape and many demonstrate potent antioxidant activity (2). Grapes also contain plant acids, sugars, amino acids, minerals and small amounts of vitamins C and E (3), (4). Grape skin extract is considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in the coloring of beverages and other foods (21CFR73.170) (5).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Ambrotose AO® capsules
• Optimal Support Packets
References
References
1. Ensminger AH, Ensminger ME, Konlande JE, Robson JRK. The Concise Encyclopedia of Foods and Nutrition. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1995.
2. Torres JL, Varela B, Garcia MT et al. Valorization of grape (Vitis vinifera) byproducts. Antioxidant and biological properties of polyphenolic fractions differing in procyanidin composition and flavonol content. J Agric Food Chem 2002;50:7548-55.
3. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1996.
4. Soleas GJ, Diamandis EP, Goldberg DM. J Clin Lab Anal. 1997;11:287-313.
5. Food and Drug Administration. EAFUS: A Food Additive Database. http://www.foodsafety.gov/~dms/eafus.html. 10-17-2008. 12-4-2008. Last updated March, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Grapefruit (fruit)Grapefruit, Citrus paradisi, is a large citrus fruit that comes in white and pink varieties. Over 40% of the world crop of grapefruit is grown in the United States, mainly in Florida, California and Arizona. It is a popular fruit for breakfast and salads, and a large proportion of the U.S. crop is processed to make grapefruit juice (1). Grapefruits, especially the pink variety, are an excellent source of the antioxidants vitamin C, beta-carotene and lycopene (2), (3). They also contain a number of flavonoid compounds, such as quercetin and hesperetin (4). The primary bioflavonoid naringenin contributes to the bitter taste of the fruit (1).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• GlycoBears® tablets
References
References
1. Ensminger AH, Ensminger ME, Konlande JE, Robson JRK. The Concise Encyclopedia of Foods and Nutrition. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1995.
2. United States Department of Agriculture. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 21. http://www.ars.usda.gov/main/site_main.htm?modecode=12-35-45-00. 2008.
3. USDA-NCC carotenoid database for U.S. foods. USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory Website(http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/Data/car98/car98.pdf). 1998.
4. USDA Agricultural Research Service. USDA Database for the Flavonoid Content of Selected Foods. USDA Department of Agriculture, 2003. Last updated April, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Green pea fiberGreen pea fiber. Peas, the small spherical seeds or seed-pods of the legume Pisum sativum, have been consumed as food for thousands of years, beginning with Chinese cultures as far back as 2000 B.C. (1). Green peas are an excellent source of dietary fiber (2). Green pea fiber is obtained by grinding the pea hulls, or pods.
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Catalyst™ caplets
References
References
1. Ensminger AH, Ensminger ME, Konlande JE, Robson JRK. The Concise Encyclopedia of Foods and Nutrition. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1995.
2. United States Department of Agriculture. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 21. http://www.ars.usda.gov/main/site_main.htm?modecode=12-35-45-00. 2008. Last updated April, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Green pea fiber (seed) Green pea fiber. Peas, the small spherical seeds or seed-pods of the legume Pisum sativum, have been consumed as food for thousands of years, beginning with Chinese cultures as far back as 2000 B.C. (1). Green peas are an excellent source of dietary fiber (2). Green pea fiber is obtained by grinding the pea hulls, or pods.
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• GlycoBears® tablets
References
References
1. Ensminger AH, Ensminger ME, Konlande JE, Robson JRK. The Concise Encyclopedia of Foods and Nutrition. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1995.
2. United States Department of Agriculture. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 21. http://www.ars.usda.gov/main/site_main.htm?modecode=12-35-45-00. 2008. Last updated April, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Green tea extract (leaf)Green tea extract is made from the leaves of the tea plant, Camellia sinensis. First used in China as a beverage more than 4000 years ago, most green tea is now produced and consumed primarily in China, Japan and countries in North Africa and the Middle East. Green tea contains caffeine, polyphenols (catechins, anthocyanins and phenolic acids), tannins, trace elements and vitamins. Most of the health benefits of green tea are attributed to its polyphenolic catechins, which have potent antioxidant activities. Extracts of green tea may be standardized to 60%–97% polyphenols. Green tea is consumed daily in Asian countries and is considered safe and nontoxic (1).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Accelerator 3™ capsules
• Ambrotose AO® capsules
• Optimal Support Packets
References
References
1. Natural Standard Database. www.naturalstandard.com. 2009. Last updated March, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Guar gumGuar gum is a polysaccharide obtained from the ground seed endosperms of the guar plant, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba. In food and beverages, it is used as a thickening agent and to stabilize and aid in the mixing of ingredients. Guar gum is a soluble dietary fiber that works as a bulk laxative. Minor gastrointestinal adverse effects, such as flatulence or loose stools, may occur with consumption of this ingredient (1). Guar gum is considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in foods by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (2).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• FiberSlim™ capsules
References
References
1. Natural Medicines. Comprehensive Database. Therapeutic Research Faculty, 2003.
2. Food and Drug Administration. EAFUS: A Food Additive Database. http://www.foodsafety.gov/~dms/eafus.html. 10-17-2008. 12-4-2008. Last updated April, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Guaraná extract (seed)Guaraná extract is obtained from the seeds of the guaraná plant, Paullinia cupana, which is native to South America. Guaraná has one of the highest caffeine contents of all plants. It also contains polyphenolic compounds called tannins. Guaraná extract is often used in beverages, such as soft drinks, and in dietary supplements (1). It is approved for use as a natural flavoring substance by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (21CFR172.510) (2).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Accelerator 3™ capsules
References
References
1. Natural Standard Database. www.naturalstandard.com. 2009.
2. Food and Drug Administration. EAFUS: A Food Additive Database. http://www.foodsafety.gov/~dms/eafus.html. 10-17-2008. 12-4-2008. Last updated March, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Gum acaciaGum acacia, also known as gum arabic, is the gum that exudes from the acacia tree, Acacia senegal or Acacia seyal. Gum acacia is a water-soluble dietary fiber used primarily to control the consistency of food and beverages. Gum acacia is approved for use as a food additive by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (1).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• PhytoMatrix® caplets
References
References
1. Food and Drug Administration. EAFUS: A Food Additive Database. http://www.foodsafety.gov/~dms/eafus.html. 10-17-2008. 12-4-2008. Last updated March, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Gum arabicGum arabic, also known as gum acacia, is the gum that exudes from the acacia tree, Acacia senegal or Acacia seyal. Gum arabic is a water-soluble dietary fiber used primarily to control the consistency of food and beverages. Gum arabic is approved for use as a food additive by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (1).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Ambrotose AO® capsules
• MannaBears™ supplement
• Optimal Support Packets
References
References
1. Food and Drug Administration. EAFUS: A Food Additive Database. http://www.foodsafety.gov/~dms/eafus.html. 10-17-2008. 12-4-2008. Last updated March, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Gum tragacanthGum tragacanth comes from the stems and branches of the flowering plant Astragalus gummifer. The raw gum is made up of a mixture of two polysaccharides. Gum tragacanth has been approved for use in pharmaceuticals in the U.S. since 1820 and in foods since 1925 (1).
Most gums are believed to be largely degraded in the colon (2). Test tube studies have demonstrated that gum tragacanth can be digested by a number of bacteria that inhabit the human colon, including the beneficial Bifidobacterium species (3), (4). Gum tragacanth is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is commonly added to foods (21CFR184.1351).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Advanced Ambrotose® capsules
• Advanced Ambrotose® powder
• AmbroStart® drink mix
• Ambrotose AO® capsules
• Ambrotose® Complex capsules
• CardioBALANCE® capsules
• Catalyst™ caplets
• EM•PACT®
• GlycoBears® tablets
• MannaBears™ supplement
• Manna-C™ capsules
• MannaCLEANSE™ caplets
• Optimal Support Packets
• Phyt-Aloe® capsules or powder
• PLUS™ caplets
• SPORT™ capsules
References
References
1. Anderson DM. Evidence for the safety of gum tragacanth (Asiatic Astragalus spp.) and modern criteria for the evaluation of food additives. Food Addit Contam 1989;6:1-12.
2. Hill MJ. Bacterial fermentation of complex carbohydrate in the human colon. Eur J Cancer Prev 1995;4:353-8.
3. Crociani F, Alessandrini A, Mucci MM, Biavati B. Degradation of complex carbohydrates by Bifidobacterium spp. Int J Food Microbiol 1994;24:199-210.
4. Salyers AA, West SE, Vercellotti JR, Wilkins TD. Fermentation of mucins and plant polysaccharides by anaerobic bacteria from the human colon. Appl Environ Microbiol 1977;34:529-33. Last updated March, 2009 Print This Ingredient
|
