Radish (root)Radish, Raphanus sativus, is a root vegetable that is a member of the mustard family, Brassicaceae. Radishes are a good source of vitamin C and a source of dietary fiber, folate and potassium (1). They also contain a number of flavonoid compounds that have antioxidant activities, such as quercetin and myricetin (2).
Recent attention has been devoted to an additional component of cruciferous vegetables, namely, the glucosinolates. Glucosinolates are sulfur-containing compounds that can be broken down in the human gastrointestinal tract. Isothiocyanates, including sulforaphane, are the metabolites of glucosinolates that can then be absorbed through the intestine (3). Radishes have a moderate to high glucosinolate content when compared with other cruciferous vegetables (4).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• GlycoBears® tablets
References
References
1. United States Department of Agriculture. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 21. http://www.ars.usda.gov/main/site_main.htm?modecode=12-35-45-00. 2008.
2. USDA Agricultural Research Service. USDA Database for the Flavonoid Content of Selected Foods. USDA Department of Agriculture, 2003.
3. Lund E. Non-nutritive bioactive constituents of plants: dietary sources and health benefits of glucosinolates. Int J Vitam.Nutr Res 2003;73:135-43.
4. McNaughton SA, Marks GC. Development of a food composition database for the estimation of dietary intakes of glucosinolates, the biologically active constituents of cruciferous vegetables. Br J Nutr 2003;90:687-97. Last updated April, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Raspberry (fruit)Raspberry. Red raspberries, Rubus idaeus, are the major type of raspberry grown in the United States. They are a popular dessert fruit, included in foods such as pies, baked goods, sherbets and jams, as well as used for the production of certain liqueurs and wines (1). Raspberries are an excellent source of vitamin C, manganese and dietary fiber, and they contain a number of bioflavonoids, such as quercetin, that demonstrate antioxidant activities (2), (3).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• GlycoBears® tablets
• Simply Delicious™ snack bars chocolate raspberry truffle
References
References
1. Ensminger AH, Ensminger ME, Konlande JE, Robson JRK. The Concise Encyclopedia of Foods and Nutrition. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1995.
2. United States Department of Agriculture. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 21. http://www.ars.usda.gov/main/site_main.htm?modecode=12-35-45-00. 2008.
3. USDA Agricultural Research Service. USDA Database for the Flavonoid Content of Selected Foods. USDA Department of Agriculture, 2003. Last updated April, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Raspberry flavorRaspberry flavor is an extract from raspberries or raspberry juice, used in foods for flavoring rather than nutritional purposes.
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Simply Delicious™ snack bars chocolate raspberry truffle
References
Red algae (Lithothamnium spp.)Red algae (Lithothamnium spp.) are species of algae that are rich in the essential minerals calcium and magnesium and contain a number of trace minerals including manganese, selenium and zinc (1). Lithothamnium species belong to the family of coralline algae, Corallinaceae. They are harvested off the coasts of Britain and France to be used as a source of calcium (calcium carbonate) and magnesium (magnesium carbonate) in dietary supplements.
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• PhytoBurst® nutritional chews
References
References
1. Frestedt JL, Walsh M, Kuskowski MA, Zenk JL. Nutr J 2008;7:9. Last updated April, 2009 Print This Ingredient
ResveratrolResveratrol is a naturally occurring antioxidant compound that is also abundant in the vines, roots, seeds and stalks of grape plants. Wine contains resveratrol—a glass of red wine delivers about 0.6-0.7 mg resveratrol (1). From animal studies and limited human studies, it appears that resveratrol is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract following its ingestion. However, the efficiency of its absorption, as well as its distribution, metabolism and excretion, are not well understood. Much research needs to be done in order to elucidate the pharmacokinetics of resveratrol in its various forms (1).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• BounceBack® capsules
References
Retinyl palmitateRetinyl palmitate, or vitamin A palmitate, is an ester of retinol and palmitic acid. It is commonly used as a source of vitamin A in dietary supplements and fortified foods, such as milk. Retinyl palmitate is considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a nutrient supplement in foods (21CFR184.1930) (1). It is also used as a skin conditioning agent in cosmetics and personal care products (2).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Emprizone® gel
References
References
1. Food and Drug Administration. EAFUS: A Food Additive Database. http://www.foodsafety.gov/~dms/eafus.html. 10-17-2008. 12-4-2008.
2. International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook. Washington, D.C.: The Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association, 2006. Last updated April, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Rhodiola extract (root)Rhodiola extract is obtained from the roots of the plant Rhodiola rosea, which grows in cold, high-altitude regions of Europe and Asia. Rhodiola rosea has a long history of use. It has been used in the Orient since ancient times. Rhodiola rosea roots contain a variety of compounds that may contribute to beneficial effects on human health, including rosavins, beta-sitosterol and flavonoids. Overall, Rhodiola rosea is well-tolerated and considered safe to consume at recommended amounts (1).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Accelerator 3™ capsules
References
References
1. Natural Standard Database. www.naturalstandard.com. 2009. Last updated March, 2009 Print This Ingredient
RiboflavinRiboflavin is a water-soluble vitamin, also known as vitamin B2, which is involved in numerous metabolic processes and energy production in the body (1).Good dietary sources of riboflavin are milk, eggs, enriched cereals/grains, meats, liver and green vegetables. Riboflavin is commonly found in multivitamin and vitamin B complex preparations.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has established a Reference Daily Intake (RDI) of 1.7 mg riboflavin for adults and children 4 or more years of age (21CFR101.9). RDIs are a set of dietary references for essential vitamins and minerals that are considered amounts sufficient to meet the daily requirements of healthy individuals. RDIs serve as the basis for calculating the percent daily value (%DV) amounts found on dietary supplement and food labels.
The limited capacity of humans to absorb orally administered riboflavin limits its potential for harm. No adverse effects associated with riboflavin consumption from food or supplements have been reported (1).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Catalyst™ caplets
• GlycoBears® tablets
• GlycoSlim® chocolate meal replacement
• GlycoSlim® vanilla meal replacement
• Optimal Support Packets
• PhytoBurst® nutritional chews
• PhytoMatrix® caplets
References
References
1. Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2000. Last updated March, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Riboflavin (from baker’s yeast)Riboflavin is a water-soluble vitamin, also known as vitamin B2, which is involved in numerous metabolic processes and energy production in the body (1).Good dietary sources of riboflavin are milk, eggs, enriched cereals/grains, meats, liver and green vegetables. Riboflavin is commonly found in multivitamin and vitamin B complex preparations.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has established a Reference Daily Intake (RDI) of 1.7 mg riboflavin for adults and children 4 or more years of age (21CFR101.9). RDIs are a set of dietary references for essential vitamins and minerals that are considered amounts sufficient to meet the daily requirements of healthy individuals. RDIs serve as the basis for calculating the percent daily value (%DV) amounts found on dietary supplement and food labels.
The limited capacity of humans to absorb orally administered riboflavin limits its potential for harm. No adverse effects associated with riboflavin consumption from food or supplements have been reported (1).
Baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, also known as brewer’s yeast, is a yeast often used for baking or brewing. It is an excellent source of the essential B vitamins, including folic acid, niacin, biotin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, thiamin and vitamin B6 (2).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Optimal Support Packets
• PhytoBurst® nutritional chews
• PhytoMatrix® caplets
References
References
1. Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2000.
2. Natural Medicines. Comprehensive Database. Therapeutic Research Faculty, 2003. Last updated April, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Rice branRice bran is made from the bran layer, underneath the hull layer, of rice, Oryza sativa. Rice bran is high in dietary fiber, and is an excellent source of protein, vitamin E, thiamin, niacin, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid and a number of minerals, such as iron and magnesium. It is also a good source of folate and riboflavin (1). Rice bran also contains beta-sitosterol and other phytosterols, along with the essential omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (2).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Catalyst™ caplets
• MannaCLEANSE™ caplets
References
References
1. United States Department of Agriculture. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 21. http://www.ars.usda.gov/main/site_main.htm?modecode=12-35-45-00. 2008.
2. Natural Medicines: Comprehensive Database. Stockton, CA: Therapeutic Research Faculty, 2000. Last updated March, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Rice crispsRice crisps. Rice, Oryza sativa, is the third-ranking cereal grain in the world, providing food for more than half of the human population (1). Rice crisps are made by heating whole-grain brown rice until a reaction between the starch and moisture results in the grains having a crispy, light texture. They are primarily used as ingredients in foods like breakfast cereals, snacks and deserts, and are typically gluten-free.
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Simply Delicious™ snack bars cherry pie
• Simply Delicious™ snack bars chocolate raspberry truffle
References
References
1. Ensminger AH, Ensminger ME, Konlande JE, Robson JRK. The Concise Encyclopedia of Foods and Nutrition. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1995. Last updated March, 2010 Print This Ingredient
Rice proteinRice protein. Rice, Oryza sativa, can be used as a source of protein (1). Rice protein provides many essential amino acids to the diet, including the branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine and valine (2). It is often used in foods and dietary supplements as an alternative to soy or whey protein to avoid any possible allergic reactions to those ingredients.
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Simply Delicious™ snack bars cherry pie
• Simply Delicious™ snack bars chocolate raspberry truffle
References
References
1. United States Department of Agriculture. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 21. http://www.ars.usda.gov/main/site_main.htm?modecode=12-35-45-00. 2008.
2. Ensminger AH, Ensminger ME, Konlande JE, Robson JRK. The Concise Encyclopedia of Foods and Nutrition. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1995. Last updated March, 2010 Print This Ingredient
Rice protein concentrateRice protein concentrate. Rice, Oryza sativa, is an excellent source of protein (1). Rice protein provides many essential amino acids to the diet, including the branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine and valine (2). Rice protein concentrate is often used in dietary supplements as an alternative to soy or whey protein to avoid any possible allergic reactions to those ingredients.
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• GlycoSlim® chocolate meal replacement
• GlycoSlim® vanilla meal replacement
References
References
1. United States Department of Agriculture. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 21. http://www.ars.usda.gov/main/site_main.htm?modecode=12-35-45-00. 2008.
2. Ensminger AH, Ensminger ME, Konlande JE, Robson JRK. The Concise Encyclopedia of Foods and Nutrition. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1995. Last updated April, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Rice starchRice starch is a polysaccharide obtained from rice, Oryza sativa. Worldwide, natural starch is an important source of energy. Humans and other animals have enzymes that are able to digest starch into its glucose components, so it can be easily digested. Rice starch is an approved food additive by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (1).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Advanced Ambrotose® capsules
• Advanced Ambrotose® powder
• Ambrotose® Complex powder
References
References
1. Food and Drug Administration. EAFUS: A Food Additive Database. http://www.foodsafety.gov/~dms/eafus.html. 10-17-2008. 12-4-2008. Last updated March, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Rose hipsRose hips are the fruits from the blossoms of wild rose bushes. They have traditionally been used in cultures from a number of countries worldwide, including China, Japan, Turkey, Spain and the Americas. Rose hips are used to make foods and beverages like soup, tea, jam and juice. They are a rich source of vitamin C and are high in polyphenolic flavonoids, such as quercetin, and carotenoids, such as beta-carotene. All of these nutrients contribute to the fruits’ antioxidant activity (1). Rose hips extract is considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in foods by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (21CFR182.20) (2).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Catalyst™ caplets
References
References
1. Natural Standard Database. www.naturalstandard.com. 2009.
2. Food and Drug Administration. EAFUS: A Food Additive Database. http://www.foodsafety.gov/~dms/eafus.html. 10-17-2008. 12-4-2008. Last updated April, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Rosemary (aerial part)Rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis, is a small evergreen shrub grown in many parts of the world. The fresh and dried leaves are used as flavoring agents and food preservatives. Rosemary has been used for centuries as a valued herb. It contains a number of phytochemicals that demonstrate antioxidant activity, including caffeic, carnosic and rosmarinic acids (1). Rosemary is considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a spice or natural seasoning (21CFR182.10).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• MannaCLEANSE™ caplets
References
References
1. Natural Standard Database. www.naturalstandard.com. 2009. Last updated March, 2009 Print This Ingredient
Ruscus aculeatus root extractRuscus aculeatus root extract is obtained from the roots of the Ruscus aculeatus plant, commonly called Butcher’s Broom. It is used in cosmetics and personal care products as a skin conditioning agent (1). Botanical and botanically derived ingredients used in the formulation of cosmetics are generally mild and safe.
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• FIRM with Ambrotose® cream
References
References
1. International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook. Washington, D.C.: The Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association, 2006. Last updated March, 2009 Print This Ingredient
RutinRutin is a flavonol glycoside comprised of the flavonol quercetin and the disaccharide rutinose. Rutin is found in many foods, especially the buckwheat plant, black tea, apple peels, onions and citrus fruits (1).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Optimal Support Packets
• PhytoBurst® nutritional chews
• PhytoMatrix® caplets
References
Rutin (from Japanese sophora bud)Rutin is a flavonol glycoside comprised of the flavonol quercetin and the disaccharide rutinose. Rutin is found in many foods, especially the buckwheat plant, black tea, apple peels, onions and citrus fruits (1).
The flower buds of the Japanese sophora or pagoda tree, Sophora japonica, are a rich source of the bioflavonoid rutin. The buds have been used for centuries in Chinese cultures, and the tree is often used in bonsai horticulture (2).
This ingredient can be found in the following products:
• Optimal Support Packets
• PhytoBurst® nutritional chews
• PhytoMatrix® caplets
References
References
1. PDR Health Database. www.pdrhealth.com. 2007.
2. Natural Standard Database. www.naturalstandard.com. 2009. Last updated April, 2009 Print This Ingredient
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