Talc

Talc, a purified compound containing magnesium and silicon, is added as a lubricant to tablets or as an agent to dilute the ingredients in capsules or tablets. Following oral ingestion, it is not absorbed by the human body; it is thus regarded as an essentially nontoxic material. Safety concerns about talc are associated with excessive inhalation of the powder or its negative effects on open wounds (1).

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  BounceBack^® capsules
 

Tannic acid

Tannic acid is a mixture of organic acids used in topical formulations as a cosmetic astringent, which cleans the skin and reduces pore size (1).

Tapioca syrup

Tapioca syrup is made from the tapioca starch extracted from the roots of the tropical cassava plant, Manihot esculenta. The form of tapioca familiar to most people is the pearl tapioca found in pudding. Tapioca syrup is used as a sweetener substitute in place of corn syrup.

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  MannaBears™ supplement
   •  PhytoBurst^® nutritional chews
 

Taurine

Taurine is a non-essential amino acid, also known as 2-aminoethanesulfinic acid. It is found at high levels in protein-rich foods, such as meat and fish, and is also an ingredient found in many energy drinks. Taurine is important in many metabolic processes that take place in the body, particularly in the brain and heart (1).

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  CardioBALANCE^® capsules
 

Theobromine

Theobromine is a natural alkaloid, a nitrogen-containing chemical compound found in the seeds of the cacao plant, Theobroma cacao. Since theobromine occurs naturally in cocoa beans, it is present in all chocolate products. Theobromine acts as a weak stimulant, to a much lesser extent than the activity of caffeine (1). It is approved for use as a food additive by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (2).

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  Accelerator 3™ capsules
 

Thiamin

Thiamin is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin, also known as vitamin B₁. It functions as a coenzyme in the metabolism of carbohydrates and branched-chain amino acids (1). Dietary sources of thiamin include beef, pork, breads, seeds and whole grain cereals. Dietary thiamin is minimally absorbed through the intestine.
     The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has established a Reference Daily Intake (RDI) of 1.5 mg thiamin for adults and children 4 or more years of age (21CFR101.9). RDIs are a set of dietary references for essential vitamins and minerals that are considered amounts sufficient to meet the daily requirements of healthy individuals. RDIs serve as the basis for calculating the percent daily value (%DV) amounts found on dietary supplement and food labels.

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  Catalyst™ caplets
   •  GlycoBears^® tablets
   •  Optimal Support Packets
   •  PhytoBurst^® nutritional chews
   •  PhytoMatrix^® caplets
 

Thiamin (as thiamin mononitrate)

Thiamin is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin, also known as vitamin B₁. It functions as a coenzyme in the metabolism of carbohydrates and branched-chain amino acids (1). Dietary sources of thiamin include beef, pork, breads, seeds and whole grain cereals. Dietary thiamin is minimally absorbed through the intestine.
     The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has established a Reference Daily Intake (RDI) of 1.5 mg thiamin for adults and children 4 or more years of age (21CFR101.9). RDIs are a set of dietary references for essential vitamins and minerals that are considered amounts sufficient to meet the daily requirements of healthy individuals. RDIs serve as the basis for calculating the percent daily value (%DV) amounts found on dietary supplement and food labels.
     Thiamin mononitrate is a salt of the B-complex vitamin thiamin. It is one of the primary forms of thiamin typically used in dietary supplements and fortified foods. Thiamin mononitrate is considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a nutrient supplement in foods (21CFR184.1878) (2).

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  Catalyst™ caplets
   •  GlycoBears^® tablets
 

Thiamin (from baker’s yeast)

Thiamin is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin, also known as vitamin B₁. It functions as a coenzyme in the metabolism of carbohydrates and branched-chain amino acids (1). Dietary sources of thiamin include beef, pork, breads, seeds and whole grain cereals. Dietary thiamin is minimally absorbed through the intestine.
     The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has established a Reference Daily Intake (RDI) of 1.5 mg thiamin for adults and children 4 or more years of age (21CFR101.9). RDIs are a set of dietary references for essential vitamins and minerals that are considered amounts sufficient to meet the daily requirements of healthy individuals. RDIs serve as the basis for calculating the percent daily value (%DV) amounts found on dietary supplement and food labels.
     Baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, also known as brewer’s yeast, is a yeast often used for baking or brewing. It is an excellent source of the essential B vitamins, including folic acid, niacin, biotin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, thiamin and vitamin B₆ (2).

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  Optimal Support Packets
   •  PhytoBurst^® nutritional chews
   •  PhytoMatrix^® caplets
 

Thiamin hydrochloride

Thiamin hydrochloride is a salt of the B-complex vitamin thiamin. It is one of the primary forms of thiamin typically used in dietary supplements and fortified foods (1). Thiamin hydrochloride is considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a nutrient supplement in foods (21CFR184.1875) (2).

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  GlycoSlim^® chocolate meal replacement
   •  GlycoSlim^® vanilla meal replacement
 

Thiamin mononitrate

Thiamin mononitrate is a salt of the B-complex vitamin thiamin. It is one of the primary forms of thiamin typically used in dietary supplements and fortified foods. Thiamin mononitrate is considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a nutrient supplement in foods (21CFR184.1878) (1).

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  Catalyst™ caplets
   •  GlycoBears^® tablets
 

Titanium dioxide (color)

Titanium dioxide is a coloring agent used to give a white color to oral tablets and capsules. It is approved for use as a food additive by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (1).

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  Optimal Support Packets
   •  PLUS™ caplets
 

Tocopherol

Tocopherols, along with tocotrienols, are organic compounds collectively known as vitamin E. Natural tocopherols exist as a mixture of d-alpha-, d-beta-, d-gamma- and d-delta-isoforms, each having antioxidant activities (1). Tocopherols are present in many foods, such as vegetable oils, nuts and grains. They are considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in foods (21CFR182.3890) (2).
     In cosmetics and personal care products, tocopherol is used as a skin conditioning agent that slows the loss of water from the skin by forming a barrier on the skin’s surface (3). According to the Cosmetic Ingredients Review (an independent committee established by the Personal Care Products Council, an industry trade association that thoroughly reviews and assesses the safety of ingredients used in cosmetics), tocopherol is safe to use in the amounts present in our products (4).

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  Emprizone^® gel
 

Tocopheryl acetate

Tocopheryl acetate is an organic compound used in cosmetics and personal care products as a skin-conditioning agent. It also has antioxidant activities (1).

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  Emprizone^® gel
 

Tocotrienols

Tocotrienols, along with tocopherols, are organic compounds collectively known as vitamin E. Natural tocotrienols exist as a mixture of d-alpha-, d-beta-, d-gamma- and d-delta-isoforms, each having antioxidant activities (1). Tocotrienols are present in many foods, such as cereal grains and cooking oils (i.e. palm, safflower, peanut and olive). Although tocotrienols are not as well studied compared to other forms of vitamin E, such as alpha-tocopherol, the safety of consumption of all forms of vitamin E is considered comparable.

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  CardioBALANCE^® capsules
   •  Catalyst™ caplets
 

Tomato (fruit)

Tomato is the fruit of the plant, Lycopersicon esculentum, and a member of the Nightshade family, Solanceae. Cultivated tomatoes vary in size from cherry tomatoes, 1–2 cm in diameter, to beefsteak tomatoes, 10 cm or more in diameter. Tomatoes are an excellent source of vitamin A and well-known for their lycopene content, an important antioxidant nutrient (1). Ripe (red) tomatoes contain 3 to 4 times as much vitamin A as mature green tomatoes (2). Tomatoes are also a good source of vitamin K and a source of dietary fiber, vitamin C, vitamin B6, folate and manganese (3).

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  Ambrotose AO^® capsules
   •  GlycoBears^® tablets
   •  MannaBears™ supplement
   •  Optimal Support Packets
   •  Phyt-Aloe^® capsules or powder
 

Tragacanth gum

Gum tragacanth comes from the stems and branches of the flowering plant Astragalus gummifer. The raw gum is made up of a mixture of two polysaccharides. Gum tragacanth has been approved for use in pharmaceuticals in the U.S. since 1820 and in foods since 1925 (1).
     Most gums are believed to be largely degraded in the colon (2). Test tube studies have demonstrated that gum tragacanth can be digested by a number of bacteria that inhabit the human colon, including the beneficial Bifidobacterium species (3), (4). Gum tragacanth is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is commonly added to foods (21CFR184.1351).

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  Ambrotose^® Complex powder
 

Trehalose

Trehalose is a disaccharide prepared from liquefied starch. It is used in cosmetics and personal care products as a skin conditioning agent that increases water content of the top layers of the skin by drawing moisture from the surrounding air (1).

Tricalcium phosphate

Tricalcium phosphate is a white, odorless, tasteless powder widely used in vitamin and mineral preparations as a filler and a binder. It is also used in foods as an anti-caking agent. Tricalcium phosphate is an approved food additive by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (1).

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  PhytoMatrix^® caplets
 

Trifolium pratense (clover) flower extract

Trifolium pratense (clover) flower extract is obtained from the Trifolium pratense plant, commonly called Red Clover. It is used in cosmetics and personal care products as a fragrance component (1). Botanical and botanically derived ingredients used in the formulation of cosmetics are generally mild and safe.

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  FIRM with Ambrotose^® cream
 

Trimethylglycine

Trimethylglycine (TMG) is a methylated amino acid also known as betaine or glycine betaine. TMG can be found in foods such as spinach, wheat, seafood and especially sugar beets. Naturally found in the body, TMG acts as a methyl donor to facilitate important biological processes (1).

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  CardioBALANCE^® capsules
 

Turmeric (color)

Turmeric is a spice derived from the roots of the tropical plant Curcuma longa. It is a major ingredient of curry powder used in a lot of Indian food. Turmeric is used both for its flavor and orange-yellow coloring. Its health benefits are primarily attributed to the presence of curcuminoids, such as curcumin. Turmeric and turmeric extract are approved for use as food additives by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (1).

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  GlycoBears^® tablets
   •  PhytoBurst^® nutritional chews
 

Turmeric extract (root and rhizome) standardized to 95% curcuminoids

Turmeric extract. The rhizome (horizontal stem—usually underground) of turmeric (Curcuma longa) has long been used in traditional Asian and Ayurvedic medicine (1). Turmeric contains curcumin, volatile oils, sugars, proteins and resins (2).
     The disposition of curcuminoids in the human body following oral ingestion is not well understood. Animal studies indicate that is poorly absorbed; absorption appears to be improved when it is taken with food (3). Due to its questionable absorption, curcumonoid supplements are often formulated with bromelain to enhance its absorption (3).

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  BounceBack^® capsules
 

Turnip (root)

Turnip is a root vegetable that is a member of the mustard family, Brassicaceae. Turnips are a good source of vitamin C and a source of dietary fiber, vitamin B6, folate, potassium, copper and manganese (1).
     Recent attention has been devoted to an additional component of cruciferous vegetables, namely, the glucosinolates. Glucosinolates are sulfur-containing compounds that can be broken down in the human gastrointestinal tract. Isothiocyanates, including sulforaphane, are the metabolites of glucosinolates that can then be absorbed through the intestine (2). Turnips have a moderate glucosinolate content when compared with other cruciferous vegetables (3).

This ingredient can be found in the following products:
   •  Ambrotose AO^® capsules
   •  MannaBears™ supplement
   •  Optimal Support Packets
   •  Phyt-Aloe^® capsules or powder